"er" meaning in Middle High German

See er in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Pronoun

IPA: /ˈɛr/ (note: before 13ᵗʰ CE) Forms: ër [canonical]
Etymology: Inherited from Old High German er, from Proto-Germanic *iz (“he”). Etymology templates: {{yesno||i|I}} I, {{glossary|Inherited}} Inherited, {{inh|gmh|goh|er|||g=|g2=|g3=|id=|lit=|nocat=|pos=|sc=|sort=|tr=|ts=}} Old High German er, {{inh+|gmh|goh|er}} Inherited from Old High German er, {{inh|gmh|gem-pro|*iz||he}} Proto-Germanic *iz (“he”) Head templates: {{head|gmh|pronoun|head=ër}} ër
  1. (personal) he Tags: personal
{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "Alsatian",
              "lang_code": "gsw-fr",
              "word": "ar"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Alsatian",
              "lang_code": "gsw-fr",
              "word": "er"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Alsatian",
              "lang_code": "gsw-fr",
              "word": "ër"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Badisch",
              "lang_code": "gsw",
              "word": "er"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Low Alemannic",
          "lang_code": "unknown"
        },
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "Bernese",
              "lang_code": "gsw",
              "word": "är"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Lucerne",
              "lang_code": "gsw",
              "word": "aer"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Northeastern",
              "lang_code": "gsw",
              "word": "ar"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "High Alemannic",
          "lang_code": "gsw",
          "word": "er"
        },
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "Bernese",
              "lang_code": "gsw",
              "word": "är"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Lucerne",
              "lang_code": "gsw",
              "word": "aer"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Northeastern",
              "lang_code": "gsw",
              "word": "ar"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "High Alemannic",
          "lang_code": "gsw",
          "word": "är"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Walser",
          "lang_code": "wae",
          "word": "är"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Alemannic German",
      "lang_code": "gsw"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Swabian Jura",
          "lang_code": "swg",
          "word": "ear"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Swabian",
      "lang_code": "swg",
      "word": "er"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Swabian Jura",
          "lang_code": "swg",
          "word": "ear"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Swabian",
      "lang_code": "swg",
      "word": "ear"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Cimbrian",
          "lang_code": "cim",
          "word": "èar"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Cimbrian",
          "lang_code": "cim",
          "word": "er"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Cimbrian",
          "lang_code": "cim",
          "word": "ar"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Mòcheno",
          "lang_code": "mhn",
          "word": "er"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Bavarian",
      "lang_code": "bar",
      "word": "er"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Moselle Franconian",
          "lang_code": "gmw-cfr",
          "word": "er"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Hunsrik",
          "lang_code": "hrx",
          "word": "er"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Hunsrik",
          "lang_code": "hrx",
          "raw_tags": [
            "Wiesemann spelling system"
          ],
          "word": "ëyer"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Central Franconian",
      "lang_code": "gmw-cfr"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "High Prussian",
          "lang_code": "gmw-ecg",
          "word": "er"
        },
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "Silesian East Central German",
              "lang_code": "sli",
              "word": "a"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Silesian East Central German",
              "lang_code": "sli",
              "word": "a"
            },
            {
              "lang": "North Moravian",
              "lang_code": "gmw-ecg",
              "word": "ar"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Silesian East Central German",
          "lang_code": "sli"
        },
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "Central Thuringian",
              "lang_code": "gmw-ecg",
              "word": "er"
            },
            {
              "lang": "West Thuringian",
              "lang_code": "gmw-ecg",
              "word": "aa"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Thuringian",
          "lang_code": "gmw-ecg",
          "word": "er"
        },
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "Meißnisch",
              "lang_code": "gmw-ecg",
              "word": "är"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Osterländisch",
              "lang_code": "gmw-ecg",
              "word": "är"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Upper Saxon German",
          "lang_code": "gmw-ecg",
          "word": "är"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Erzgebirgisch",
          "lang_code": "gmw-ecg",
          "word": "aorr"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Lusatian",
          "lang_code": "gmw-ecg",
          "word": "ar"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "East Central German",
      "lang_code": "gmw-ecg"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Berlinerisch",
          "lang_code": "de",
          "word": "er/ea"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "German",
      "lang_code": "de",
      "word": "er"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Unterfränkisch",
          "lang_code": "vmf",
          "word": "ar"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Hohenlohisch",
          "lang_code": "vmf",
          "word": "er"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "East Franconian",
      "lang_code": "vmf",
      "word": "er"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Unterfränkisch",
          "lang_code": "vmf",
          "word": "ar"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Hohenlohisch",
          "lang_code": "vmf",
          "word": "er"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "East Franconian",
      "lang_code": "vmf",
      "word": "ea"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Upper Hessian",
          "lang_code": "gmw-rfr",
          "word": "er"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Lorraine Franconian",
          "lang_code": "gmw-rfr",
          "word": "ér"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Lorraine Franconian",
          "lang_code": "gmw-rfr",
          "word": "éa"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Palatine German",
          "lang_code": "pfl",
          "word": "er"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Pennsylvania German",
          "lang_code": "pdc",
          "word": "er"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Rhine Franconian",
      "lang_code": "gmw-rfr"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Yiddish",
      "lang_code": "yi",
      "roman": "er",
      "word": "ער"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "",
        "2": "i",
        "3": "I"
      },
      "expansion": "I",
      "name": "yesno"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmh",
        "2": "goh",
        "3": "er",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Old High German er",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmh",
        "2": "goh",
        "3": "er"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Old High German er",
      "name": "inh+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmh",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*iz",
        "4": "",
        "5": "he"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *iz (“he”)",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Old High German er, from Proto-Germanic *iz (“he”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "ër",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmh",
        "2": "pronoun",
        "head": "ër"
      },
      "expansion": "ër",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle High German",
  "lang_code": "gmh",
  "pos": "pron",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle High German entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle High German pronouns",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 56 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "he"
      ],
      "id": "en-er-gmh-pron-Ny9-L9LQ",
      "links": [
        [
          "he",
          "he"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(personal) he"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "personal"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈɛr/",
      "note": "before 13ᵗʰ CE"
    }
  ],
  "word": "er"
}
{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "Alsatian",
              "lang_code": "gsw-fr",
              "word": "ar"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Alsatian",
              "lang_code": "gsw-fr",
              "word": "er"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Alsatian",
              "lang_code": "gsw-fr",
              "word": "ër"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Badisch",
              "lang_code": "gsw",
              "word": "er"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Low Alemannic",
          "lang_code": "unknown"
        },
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "Bernese",
              "lang_code": "gsw",
              "word": "är"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Lucerne",
              "lang_code": "gsw",
              "word": "aer"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Northeastern",
              "lang_code": "gsw",
              "word": "ar"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "High Alemannic",
          "lang_code": "gsw",
          "word": "er"
        },
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "Bernese",
              "lang_code": "gsw",
              "word": "är"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Lucerne",
              "lang_code": "gsw",
              "word": "aer"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Northeastern",
              "lang_code": "gsw",
              "word": "ar"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "High Alemannic",
          "lang_code": "gsw",
          "word": "är"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Walser",
          "lang_code": "wae",
          "word": "är"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Alemannic German",
      "lang_code": "gsw"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Swabian Jura",
          "lang_code": "swg",
          "word": "ear"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Swabian",
      "lang_code": "swg",
      "word": "er"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Swabian Jura",
          "lang_code": "swg",
          "word": "ear"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Swabian",
      "lang_code": "swg",
      "word": "ear"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Cimbrian",
          "lang_code": "cim",
          "word": "èar"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Cimbrian",
          "lang_code": "cim",
          "word": "er"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Cimbrian",
          "lang_code": "cim",
          "word": "ar"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Mòcheno",
          "lang_code": "mhn",
          "word": "er"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Bavarian",
      "lang_code": "bar",
      "word": "er"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Moselle Franconian",
          "lang_code": "gmw-cfr",
          "word": "er"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Hunsrik",
          "lang_code": "hrx",
          "word": "er"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Hunsrik",
          "lang_code": "hrx",
          "raw_tags": [
            "Wiesemann spelling system"
          ],
          "word": "ëyer"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Central Franconian",
      "lang_code": "gmw-cfr"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "High Prussian",
          "lang_code": "gmw-ecg",
          "word": "er"
        },
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "Silesian East Central German",
              "lang_code": "sli",
              "word": "a"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Silesian East Central German",
              "lang_code": "sli",
              "word": "a"
            },
            {
              "lang": "North Moravian",
              "lang_code": "gmw-ecg",
              "word": "ar"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Silesian East Central German",
          "lang_code": "sli"
        },
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "Central Thuringian",
              "lang_code": "gmw-ecg",
              "word": "er"
            },
            {
              "lang": "West Thuringian",
              "lang_code": "gmw-ecg",
              "word": "aa"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Thuringian",
          "lang_code": "gmw-ecg",
          "word": "er"
        },
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "Meißnisch",
              "lang_code": "gmw-ecg",
              "word": "är"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Osterländisch",
              "lang_code": "gmw-ecg",
              "word": "är"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Upper Saxon German",
          "lang_code": "gmw-ecg",
          "word": "är"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Erzgebirgisch",
          "lang_code": "gmw-ecg",
          "word": "aorr"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Lusatian",
          "lang_code": "gmw-ecg",
          "word": "ar"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "East Central German",
      "lang_code": "gmw-ecg"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Berlinerisch",
          "lang_code": "de",
          "word": "er/ea"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "German",
      "lang_code": "de",
      "word": "er"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Unterfränkisch",
          "lang_code": "vmf",
          "word": "ar"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Hohenlohisch",
          "lang_code": "vmf",
          "word": "er"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "East Franconian",
      "lang_code": "vmf",
      "word": "er"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Unterfränkisch",
          "lang_code": "vmf",
          "word": "ar"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Hohenlohisch",
          "lang_code": "vmf",
          "word": "er"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "East Franconian",
      "lang_code": "vmf",
      "word": "ea"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Upper Hessian",
          "lang_code": "gmw-rfr",
          "word": "er"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Lorraine Franconian",
          "lang_code": "gmw-rfr",
          "word": "ér"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Lorraine Franconian",
          "lang_code": "gmw-rfr",
          "word": "éa"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Palatine German",
          "lang_code": "pfl",
          "word": "er"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Pennsylvania German",
          "lang_code": "pdc",
          "word": "er"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Rhine Franconian",
      "lang_code": "gmw-rfr"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Yiddish",
      "lang_code": "yi",
      "roman": "er",
      "word": "ער"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "",
        "2": "i",
        "3": "I"
      },
      "expansion": "I",
      "name": "yesno"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmh",
        "2": "goh",
        "3": "er",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Old High German er",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmh",
        "2": "goh",
        "3": "er"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Old High German er",
      "name": "inh+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmh",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*iz",
        "4": "",
        "5": "he"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *iz (“he”)",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Old High German er, from Proto-Germanic *iz (“he”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "ër",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmh",
        "2": "pronoun",
        "head": "ër"
      },
      "expansion": "ër",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle High German",
  "lang_code": "gmh",
  "pos": "pron",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Middle High German entries with incorrect language header",
        "Middle High German lemmas",
        "Middle High German pronouns",
        "Middle High German terms derived from Old High German",
        "Middle High German terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
        "Middle High German terms inherited from Old High German",
        "Middle High German terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
        "Middle High German terms with IPA pronunciation",
        "Pages with 56 entries",
        "Pages with entries"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "he"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "he",
          "he"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(personal) he"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "personal"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈɛr/",
      "note": "before 13ᵗʰ CE"
    }
  ],
  "word": "er"
}

Download raw JSONL data for er meaning in Middle High German (5.3kB)

{
  "called_from": "parser/328",
  "msg": "TABLE not properly closed",
  "path": [
    "er"
  ],
  "section": "Middle High German",
  "subsection": "pronoun",
  "title": "er",
  "trace": "started on line 3, detected on line 17"
}

{
  "called_from": "parser/304",
  "msg": "HTML tag <div> not properly closed",
  "path": [
    "er"
  ],
  "section": "Middle High German",
  "subsection": "pronoun",
  "title": "er",
  "trace": "started on line 2, detected on line 17"
}

{
  "called_from": "parser/1336",
  "msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </div>",
  "path": [
    "er"
  ],
  "section": "Middle High German",
  "subsection": "pronoun",
  "title": "er",
  "trace": ""
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle High German dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-08-07 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-08-05 using wiktextract (d9fa233 and 9e92f4b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.